During that time, Mangold was able to work in conjunction with, and befriend, embryologist Viktor Hamburger. Mangold finished her master’s degree in 1920 and began her doctorate in zoology working alongside Spemann. Mangold was so intrigued with Spemann’s research that she decided to follow him to the school where he taught, the Zoological Institute in Freiburg, Germany. While studying in Frankfurt, Mangold attended a lecture held by Hans Spemann. In 1918 she went to the University of Jena, but left in 1919 to attend the University of Frankfurt. She was born to a wealthy family that included one older sister and one younger sister. Mangold was born on 20 October 1898 to Gertrude and Ernest Proescholdt in Gotha Thuringia, an east-central German province. Mangold’s dissertation was connected to Spemann’s Nobel Prize, but Mangold died early in life, and was unable to witness the impact her research had on experimental embryology. The organizer discovery was a crucial contribution to embryology that led to further understanding of the pattern of embryo differentiation of amphibians. As a graduate student, Mangold assisted Spemann and together they discovered and coined the term the “organizer”. Hilde Mangold, previously Hilde Proescholdt, was a German embryologist and physiologist who became well known for research completed with Hans Spemann in the 1920s.
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